Biology › Respiration and cellular energy

Respiration and cellular energy

Unit B12 · 4 lessons.

Notes

Illustrated notes for each topic in this unit, with worked examples and a checklist of objectives.

• Glycolysis, ATP and the link reaction
  The structure of ATP and the hydrolysis of its terminal phosphate, releasing about 30.5 kJ per mole; where the four stages of respiration happen…
• The Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
  One turn of the Krebs cycle and what happens to every carbon; the products per turn and per glucose; the electron transport chain on the inner…
• Anaerobic respiration and the respiratory quotient
  Why glycolysis continues without oxygen and why NAD must be regenerated; lactate fermentation in animals and the Cori cycle; ethanol fermentation in…
• Exercise, sports medicine and performance-enhancing drugs
  The risks of inactivity: obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, with the mechanisms; the costs of too much exercise: wear and tear on…

Practical work

The practical capabilities this unit's work belongs to, each with its techniques, its calculations and the errors that cost marks.

• Measuring respiration and photosynthesis rates