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AQA AS and A-level Chemistry specification (7404/7405)

AQA Chemistry is 7404 for the AS and 7405 for the A-level. The A-level is three two-hour papers. Paper 1 covers inorganic chemistry and most of physical chemistry, Paper 2 covers organic chemistry and part of physical chemistry, including kinetics and rate equations, and Paper 3 can ask about anything, with 40 of its 90 marks on practical techniques and data analysis and 30 on multiple choice questions. The AS examines sections 3.1.1 to 3.1.7, 3.2.1 to 3.2.3 and 3.3.1 to 3.3.6 only, and every other heading below is marked A-level only.

Below is every heading of the specification in AQA’s order, with the lessons that teach it and any missing detail named in its row. The twelve required practicals have their own list by number. The Practical Endorsement is assessed by your teacher in the lab, so it is not mapped.

Checked against AQA Chemistry 7404/7405, version 1.2 (July 2026) on 31 October 2026. The table links each specification heading to the InkChemistry lessons that teach it and names any partial or missing coverage. Use the awarding body’s current specification as the definitive source.

3.1 Physical chemistry

RefSpecification headingTaught inCoverage
3.1.1.1Fundamental particlesProtons, neutrons, electrons and isotopesCovered
3.1.1.2Mass number and isotopesProtons, neutrons, electrons and isotopes, Time-of-flight mass spectrometry and relative atomic massCovered
3.1.1.3Electron configurationElectron configuration: shells, subshells and orbitals, Ionisation energies and the evidence for subshellsCovered
3.1.2.1Relative atomic mass and relative molecular massThe mole, the Avogadro constant and molar mass, Time-of-flight mass spectrometry and relative atomic massCovered
3.1.2.2The mole and the Avogadro constantThe mole, the Avogadro constant and molar mass, Concentration, volumetric solutions and titration calculationsCovered
3.1.2.3The ideal gas equationGases and the ideal gas equationCovered
3.1.2.4Empirical and molecular formulaEmpirical and molecular formulaeCovered
3.1.2.5Balanced equations and associated calculationsFormulae, equations and state symbols, Reacting masses, percentage yield and atom economy, Concentration, volumetric solutions and titration calculations, Gases and the ideal gas equation, The mole, the Avogadro constant and molar massCovered
3.1.3.1Ionic bondingIonic bonding and ionic lattices, Formulae, equations and state symbolsCovered
3.1.3.2Nature of covalent and dative covalent bondsCovalent, dative covalent and metallic bondingCovered
3.1.3.3Metallic bondingCovalent, dative covalent and metallic bondingCovered
3.1.3.4Bonding and physical propertiesThe four crystal structures and their properties, Ionic bonding and ionic latticesCovered
3.1.3.5Shapes of simple molecules and ionsShapes of molecules and ionsCovered
3.1.3.6Bond polarityElectronegativity, polarity and intermolecular forcesCovered
3.1.3.7Forces between moleculesElectronegativity, polarity and intermolecular forcesCovered
3.1.4.1Enthalpy changeEnthalpy change, standard conditions and the definitionsCovered
3.1.4.2CalorimetryMeasuring an enthalpy change: calorimetryCovered
3.1.4.3Applications of Hess's lawHess's law and enthalpy cyclesCovered
3.1.4.4Bond enthalpiesMean bond enthalpiesCovered
3.1.5.1Collision theoryCollision theory, activation energy and the rate of reactionCovered
3.1.5.2Maxwell–Boltzmann distributionThe Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, temperature and catalystsCovered
3.1.5.3Effect of temperature on reaction rateCollision theory, activation energy and the rate of reaction, The Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, temperature and catalysts, Measuring the rate of a reactionCovered
3.1.5.4Effect of concentration and pressureCollision theory, activation energy and the rate of reactionCovered
3.1.5.5CatalystsThe Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, temperature and catalystsCovered
3.1.6.1Chemical equilibria and Le Chatelier's principleDynamic equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle and industrial compromiseCovered
3.1.6.2Equilibrium constant Kc for homogeneous systemsThe equilibrium constant KcCovered
3.1.7Oxidation, reduction and redox equationsOxidation states and the rules for assigning them, Half-equations and building redox equationsCovered
3.1.8.1Born–Haber cycles (A-level only)Lattice enthalpy and Born–Haber cycles, Enthalpies of solution and hydrationCovered
3.1.8.2Gibbs free-energy change, ΔG, and entropy change, ΔS (A-level only)Entropy and Gibbs free-energy changeCovered
3.1.9.1Rate equations (A-level only)Rate equations, orders of reaction and the rate constant, The Arrhenius equation and the rate-determining stepCovered
3.1.9.2Determination of rate equation (A-level only)Finding orders from initial rates, half-lives and graphs, The Arrhenius equation and the rate-determining stepCovered
3.1.10Equilibrium constant Kp for homogeneous systems (A-level only)Kp: equilibria in the gas phaseCovered
3.1.11.1Electrode potentials and cells (A-level only)Electrode potentials and the standard hydrogen electrode, The electrochemical series and predicting feasibilityCovered
3.1.11.2Commercial applications of electrochemical cells (A-level only)Commercial cells, rechargeable cells and fuel cellsCovered
3.1.12.1Brønsted–Lowry acid–base equilibria in aqueous solution (A-level only)Brønsted–Lowry acids and bases, pH and strong acidsCovered
3.1.12.2Definition and determination of pH (A-level only)Brønsted–Lowry acids and bases, pH and strong acidsCovered
3.1.12.3The ionic product of water, Kw (A-level only)Weak acids, Ka and pKa; Kw and strong basesCovered
3.1.12.4Weak acids and bases Ka for weak acids (A-level only)Weak acids, Ka and pKa; Kw and strong basesCovered
3.1.12.5pH curves, titrations and indicators (A-level only)Titration curves and choosing an indicatorCovered
3.1.12.6Buffer action (A-level only)Buffer solutions and buffer calculationsCovered

3.2 Inorganic chemistry

RefSpecification headingTaught inCoverage
3.2.1.1ClassificationPeriodicity: trends across Period 3 and the blocks of the table, Electron configuration: shells, subshells and orbitalsCovered
3.2.1.2Physical properties of Period 3 elementsPeriodicity: trends across Period 3 and the blocks of the tableCovered
3.2.2Group 2, the alkaline earth metalsGroup 2: trends down the group and reactions with water, Group 2 compounds: solubility, uses and the sulfate testCovered
3.2.3.1Trends in propertiesGroup 7: trends down the group and displacement reactions, Halide ions, the silver nitrate test, concentrated sulfuric acid, and chlorine in waterCovered
3.2.3.2Uses of chlorine and chlorate(I)Halide ions, the silver nitrate test, concentrated sulfuric acid, and chlorine in water, Group 7: trends down the group and displacement reactions, Half-equations and building redox equationsCovered
3.2.4Properties of Period 3 elements and their oxides (A-level only)The Period 3 elements: reactions with oxygen and water, The Period 3 oxides: structure, bonding and acid–base characterCovered
3.2.5.1General properties of transition metals (A-level only)Transition metal characteristics and complex formationCovered
3.2.5.2Substitution reactions (A-level only)Transition metal characteristics and complex formation, Ligands, the shapes of complexes, isomerism and ligand substitutionCovered
3.2.5.3Shapes of complex ions (A-level only)Ligands, the shapes of complexes, isomerism and ligand substitutionCovered
3.2.5.4Formation of coloured ions (A-level only)Colour in transition metal complexes and colorimetryCovered
3.2.5.5Variable oxidation states (A-level only)Variable oxidation states: vanadium, chromium and manganate(VII) titrations, Redox titrations: manganate(VII) and thiosulfate, Aldehydes and ketones: nucleophilic addition and the tests that tell them apartCovered
3.2.5.6Catalysts (A-level only)Catalysis: heterogeneous, homogeneous and autocatalyticCovered
3.2.6Reactions of ions in aqueous solution (A-level only)Metal-aqua ions and the acidity of their solutions, Reactions of aqua ions with hydroxide, ammonia and carbonateCovered

3.3 Organic chemistry

RefSpecification headingTaught inCoverage
3.3.1.1NomenclatureNaming and representing organic moleculesCovered
3.3.1.2Reaction mechanismsReaction types, curly arrows and how a mechanism is written, Free-radical substitutionCovered
3.3.1.3IsomerismStructural isomerism and E/Z isomerismCovered
3.3.2.1Fractional distillation of crude oilAlkanes: fractional distillation, cracking and combustionCovered
3.3.2.2Modification of alkanes by crackingAlkanes: fractional distillation, cracking and combustionCovered
3.3.2.3Combustion of alkanesAlkanes: fractional distillation, cracking and combustionCovered
3.3.2.4Chlorination of alkanesFree-radical substitutionCovered
3.3.3.1Nucleophilic substitutionHalogenoalkanes: nucleophilic substitution and rates of hydrolysisCovered
3.3.3.2EliminationElimination from halogenoalkanes, and CFCs and the ozone layerCovered
3.3.3.3Ozone depletionElimination from halogenoalkanes, and CFCs and the ozone layerCovered
3.3.4.1Structure, bonding and reactivityAlkenes: structure, electrophilic addition and Markovnikov's ruleCovered
3.3.4.2Addition reactions of alkenesAlkenes: structure, electrophilic addition and Markovnikov's ruleCovered
3.3.4.3Addition polymersAddition polymersCovered
3.3.5.1Alcohol productionAlcohols: hydration, fermentation and classificationCovered
3.3.5.2Oxidation of alcoholsAlcohols: hydration, fermentation and classification, Oxidation and elimination of alcohols, Aldehydes and ketones: nucleophilic addition and the tests that tell them apartCovered
3.3.5.3EliminationOxidation and elimination of alcoholsCovered
3.3.6.1Identification of functional groups by test-tube reactionsTest-tube reactions for functional groups, and high-resolution mass spectrometryCovered
3.3.6.2Mass spectrometryTest-tube reactions for functional groups, and high-resolution mass spectrometryCovered
3.3.6.3Infrared spectroscopyInfrared spectroscopyCovered
3.3.7Optical isomerism (A-level only)Optical isomerismCovered
3.3.8Aldehydes and ketones (A-level only)Aldehydes and ketones: nucleophilic addition and the tests that tell them apartCovered
3.3.9.1Carboxylic acids and esters (A-level only)Carboxylic acids, esters and biodieselCovered
3.3.9.2Acylation (A-level only)Acylation: acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides, Preparing, purifying and testing an organic solid and liquidCovered
3.3.10.1Bonding (A-level only)Benzene: its structure and the evidence for delocalisationCovered
3.3.10.2Electrophilic substitution (A-level only)Electrophilic substitution: nitration and Friedel–Crafts acylationCovered
3.3.11.1Preparation (A-level only)Amines: preparation, basicity and nucleophilic reactionsCovered
3.3.11.2Base properties (A-level only)Amines: preparation, basicity and nucleophilic reactionsCovered
3.3.11.3Nucleophilic properties (A-level only)Amines: preparation, basicity and nucleophilic reactions, Acylation: acyl chlorides and acid anhydridesCovered
3.3.12.1Condensation polymers (A-level only)Condensation polymers and the disposal of polymers, Amino acids, proteins, enzymes and DNACovered
3.3.12.2Biodegradability and disposal of polymers (A-level only)Condensation polymers and the disposal of polymers, Addition polymersCovered
3.3.13.1Amino acids (A-level only)Amino acids, proteins, enzymes and DNACovered
3.3.13.2Proteins (A-level only)Amino acids, proteins, enzymes and DNA, Chromatography: TLC, column and gasCovered
3.3.13.3Enzymes (A-level only)Amino acids, proteins, enzymes and DNACovered
3.3.13.4DNA (A-level only)Amino acids, proteins, enzymes and DNACovered
3.3.13.5Action of anticancer drugs (A-level only)Amino acids, proteins, enzymes and DNA, Ligands, the shapes of complexes, isomerism and ligand substitutionCovered
3.3.14Organic synthesis (A-level only)Planning a synthetic route, Reacting masses, percentage yield and atom economyCovered
3.3.15Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (A-level only)Proton and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy, Putting the analysis together: structure from spectraCovered
3.3.16Chromatography (A-level only)Chromatography: TLC, column and gasCovered

What each paper is, how long it runs and where AQA publishes it: 7405 past papers.

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