Chemistry › Revision posters

A-level Chemistry revision posters

One page per topic: the diagrams, the processes and the handful of points worth remembering. Made to be printed, put on a wall, or saved to a phone. Click a poster to open it full size, or download it to keep; the title goes to the lesson it came from.

Working in the laboratory

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  Measurement, uncertainty and significant figures in chemistryDownload
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  Apparatus, techniques and safety: the twelve required practicals in outlineDownload
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  Formulae, equations and state symbolsDownload

Atomic structure

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  Protons, neutrons, electrons and isotopesDownload
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  Time-of-flight mass spectrometry and relative atomic massDownload
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  Electron configuration: shells, subshells and orbitalsDownload
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  Ionisation energies and the evidence for subshellsDownload

Amount of substance

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  The mole, the Avogadro constant and molar massDownload
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  Gases and the ideal gas equationDownload
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  Empirical and molecular formulaeDownload
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  Concentration, volumetric solutions and titration calculationsDownload
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  Reacting masses, percentage yield and atom economyDownload

Bonding and structure

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  Ionic bonding and ionic latticesDownload
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  Covalent, dative covalent and metallic bondingDownload
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  The four crystal structures and their propertiesDownload
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  Shapes of molecules and ionsDownload
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  Electronegativity, polarity and intermolecular forcesDownload

Energetics

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  Enthalpy change, standard conditions and the definitionsDownload
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  Measuring an enthalpy change: calorimetryDownload
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  Hess's law and enthalpy cyclesDownload
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  Mean bond enthalpiesDownload

Kinetics

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  Collision theory, activation energy and the rate of reactionDownload
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  The Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, temperature and catalystsDownload
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  Measuring the rate of a reactionDownload

Chemical equilibria

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  Dynamic equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle and industrial compromiseDownload
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  The equilibrium constant KcDownload
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  Kp: equilibria in the gas phaseDownload

Redox

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  Oxidation states and the rules for assigning themDownload
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  Half-equations and building redox equationsDownload
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  Redox titrations: manganate(VII) and thiosulfateDownload

Thermodynamics

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  Lattice enthalpy and Born–Haber cyclesDownload
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  Enthalpies of solution and hydrationDownload
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  Entropy and Gibbs free-energy changeDownload

Rate equations

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  Rate equations, orders of reaction and the rate constantDownload
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  Finding orders from initial rates, half-lives and graphsDownload
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  The Arrhenius equation and the rate-determining stepDownload

Electrochemistry

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  Electrode potentials and the standard hydrogen electrodeDownload
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  The electrochemical series and predicting feasibilityDownload
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  Commercial cells, rechargeable cells and fuel cellsDownload

Acids and bases

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  Brønsted–Lowry acids and bases, pH and strong acidsDownload
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  Weak acids, Ka and pKa; Kw and strong basesDownload
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  Titration curves and choosing an indicatorDownload
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  Buffer solutions and buffer calculationsDownload

Periodicity and Period 3

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  Periodicity: trends across Period 3 and the blocks of the tableDownload
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  The Period 3 elements: reactions with oxygen and waterDownload
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  The Period 3 oxides: structure, bonding and acid–base characterDownload

Group 2 and Group 7

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  Group 2: trends down the group and reactions with waterDownload
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  Group 2 compounds: solubility, uses and the sulfate testDownload
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  Group 7: trends down the group and displacement reactionsDownload
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  Halide ions, the silver nitrate test, concentrated sulfuric acid, and chlorine in waterDownload

Transition metals

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  Transition metal characteristics and complex formationDownload
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  Ligands, the shapes of complexes, isomerism and ligand substitutionDownload
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  Colour in transition metal complexes and colorimetryDownload
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  Variable oxidation states: vanadium, chromium and manganate(VII) titrationsDownload
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  Catalysis: heterogeneous, homogeneous and autocatalyticDownload

Ions in aqueous solution

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  Metal-aqua ions and the acidity of their solutionsDownload
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  Reactions of aqua ions with hydroxide, ammonia and carbonateDownload

Introduction to organic chemistry

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  Naming and representing organic moleculesDownload
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  Structural isomerism and E/Z isomerismDownload
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  Reaction types, curly arrows and how a mechanism is writtenDownload

Alkanes and halogenoalkanes

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  Alkanes: fractional distillation, cracking and combustionDownload
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  Free-radical substitutionDownload
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  Halogenoalkanes: nucleophilic substitution and rates of hydrolysisDownload
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  Elimination from halogenoalkanes, and CFCs and the ozone layerDownload

Alkenes and alcohols

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  Alkenes: structure, electrophilic addition and Markovnikov's ruleDownload
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  Addition polymersDownload
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  Alcohols: hydration, fermentation and classificationDownload
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  Oxidation and elimination of alcoholsDownload

Organic analysis

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  Test-tube reactions for functional groups, and high-resolution mass spectrometryDownload
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  Infrared spectroscopyDownload
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  Proton and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopyDownload
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  Chromatography: TLC, column and gasDownload

Carbonyls and carboxylic acids

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  Optical isomerismDownload
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  Aldehydes and ketones: nucleophilic addition and the tests that tell them apartDownload
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  Carboxylic acids, esters and biodieselDownload
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  Acylation: acyl chlorides and acid anhydridesDownload
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  Condensation polymers and the disposal of polymersDownload

Aromatic chemistry and amines

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  Benzene: its structure and the evidence for delocalisationDownload
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  Electrophilic substitution: nitration and Friedel–Crafts acylationDownload
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  Amines: preparation, basicity and nucleophilic reactionsDownload
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  Amino acids, proteins, enzymes and DNADownload

Organic synthesis

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  Planning a synthetic routeDownload
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  Preparing, purifying and testing an organic solid and liquidDownload
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  Putting the analysis together: structure from spectraDownload

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